When trying to understand the patterns and profiles of depression, age groups have been shown to play a deciding role in a greater attempt to make sense of this condition. Depression can look and develop differently depending on how old an individual is.
Read on to learn what the most depressed age group is and how these individuals are most impacted. Then explore the characteristics, risk factors, and incidence of depression by age group.
Depression Statistics Across the Lifespan
Depression is variable across the lifespan, appearing as one brief severe episode, a mild chronic condition, or something in-between. When exploring what age group has the highest rate of depression, age and depression statistics are only part of the story. Looking beyond the numbers is essential for understanding its impact.
At What Age Is Depression Most Common?
According to CDC data from 2019, 21% of adults experiencing any depressive symptoms in the most recent two weeks were between 18 and 29 years old. This incidence is the largest among all adult age groups. And of adults with mild depression, the largest percentage were in this age group as well. So, while depression was more common for young adults, it was also less likely to be less severe.
Depression was not as prevalent among adults 30 and older, and severe depression did not vary much by age group. But moderate depression had the most significant impact on adults aged 45 to 65 years. Severity seemed to wane in older adulthood, with individuals aged 65 and over more commonly experiencing milder symptoms.
Children and Adolescents
In 2020, approximately 12% of US adolescents ages 12 to 17 had a depressive episode severe enough to cause significant impairment. Depression is less common in children under 12 at 1.7%.
Depression Characteristics
In up to 60% of adolescents with depression, the prominent feature is a significant decline in functioning with school or work, chores, and social interactions. Depression may also present as chronic irritability, anger, or negative acting out. Children and adolescents with depression may be susceptible to social rejection, which may negatively affect social development.
Risk Factors for Depression in Children and Adolescents Include:
Family history.
Adverse life events.
Negative bias about their abilities.
Poor sleep.
Hormone changes.
Comorbid disorders, both physical and psychological.
Young and Midlife Adults
The average age of onset for major depressive disorder is between 35 and 40 years of age. Onset in early adulthood may be linked with more depressive episodes, a longer duration of illness, and therefore a more difficult clinical course. In middle adulthood, depression was related to life satisfaction and levels of functional disability.
Depression Characteristics
Women are more likely to experience depression, typically expressing sadness, worthlessness, and guilt. Men often have more somatic symptoms, including sleep problems, fatigue, and irritability. For young adults, low self-esteem is a predictor of depression. And in middle adulthood, mobility and difficulty with household activities may predict more severe depression courses.
Risk Factors for Depression in Young and Middle Adulthood Include:
Family history.
Adverse childhood experiences.
A lower level of education.
Living alone (younger adults).
Lower income.
Smoking.
Limited physical activity.
Older Adults
Approximately 2.6% of older adults have a depressive disorder. While aging and depression do not necessarily occur together, the natural decline in functioning that comes with older age can put independent living at risk. Also, older adults are more likely to grieve the loss of friends, family members, and spouses. The mortality rate for older adults with depression is higher than for those reporting higher life satisfaction.
Depression Characteristics
Depression symptoms for older adults are similar across all age groups, but older age is associated with more health problems. Depression symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and physical pain may resemble physical ailments, making depression more difficult to detect.
Risk Factors for Depression in Older Adults Include:
Loss of a spouse or partner.
Having chronic conditions.
Poor physical health.
Loneliness.
Being female.
Low economic status.
Low education level.
Living alone
Depression Across the Lifespan
Depression can occur throughout the lifespan, but the risk varies depending on an individual’s life stage. Family history, physical health, and current life circumstances all create different impacts. Understanding these differences can help individuals more accurately detect and cope with potential signs of depression.